动词不定式 1.She was often seen ____ in the room. A.dance B.to dance C.dances D.danced 2.His father made her ____ her lessons last night. A.to do B.do C.to be done D.to be doing …
动词不定式的被动语态与感官动词
题目“She was often seen ____ in the room.” 考查的是动词不定式在被动语态中的用法,特别是与感官动词(如 see, hear, feel 等)的结合。在主动语态中,我们使用“感官动词 + 宾语 + 动词原形(即不带to的不定式)”或“现在分词”的结构,例如:I often saw her dance/dancing in the room。然而,当句子转换为被动语态时,原先作宾语补足语的动词不定式必须恢复其完整的“to do”形式。因此,正确的选项应为“to dance”,完整的句子是“She was often seen to dance in the room.” 题目中给出的选项A“dance”是动词原形,在此被动结构中是不正确的。
语法规则解析与常见考点
这一语法点的核心在于“裸不定式”(bare infinitive)向“带to不定式”(to-infinitive)的转换。在主动句中,感官动词后接宾语和省略to的不定式,强调动作发生的全过程或经常性。一旦句子主语变为动作的承受者,感官动词用于被动语态(如 be seen, be heard),其后就必须使用完整的“to + 动词原形”作主语补足语。这是英语语法中的一个固定规则。类似的例子还有:“He was heard to sing in the shower.” 或 “They were observed to enter the building.” 掌握这一区别对于准确完成语法填空和句型转换至关重要。
理解这个知识点,不仅能帮助考生应对此类选择题,也能提升写作中句式变换的灵活性。它提醒我们,语态的转换常常伴随着句子其他成分的相应调整。因此,在学习动词不定式时,必须将其放在具体的句型结构中,结合主动与被动语态进行对比练习,才能达到融会贯通的效果。
